- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China;
Ma Xiang,
Email: xma9467@vip.sina.com
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) is an autoimmune disorder primarily characterized by bilateral granulomatous uveitis, which can lead to severe visual impairment and related complications. Traditional treatment typically involves glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressants, but these therapies are associated with significant side effects, limited efficacy, and poor long-term prognosis. In recent years, biologic agents have emerged as a promising treatment for refractory VKH due to their targeted action, high efficacy, and low toxicity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, such as infliximab and adalimumab, have shown significant benefits in controlling inflammation, improving vision, and reducing steroid dependence, making them a key option for difficult-to-treat VKH. Among interleukin (IL) blockers, tocilizumab has demonstrated potential in patients who do not respond to traditional treatments. Rituximab, a B-cell targeting agent, has shown good efficacy and safety in patients resistant to TNF-α inhibitors. Additionally, research into novel biologics targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis and IL-33 offers new directions for VKH therapy. While biologics provide clear advantages in VKH treatment, further research is needed to explore their long-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and optimal treatment regimens. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to validate their efficacy and identify personalized treatment strategies to improve long-term patient outcomes.
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