Interpretation of “Expert consensus on the laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer (2023)”_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

ZENG Qihui ,  LI Fuyu

Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LI Fuyu, Email: lfy_74@hotmail.com

Keywords：

radical operation of gallbladder carcinoma; laparoscopic surgery; consensus interpretation

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202410046

Video：

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The “Expert consensus on radical laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2023)” (following abbreviations as “this consensus”) was formulated by the Biliary Surgery Group of the Chinese Medical Association Surgery Branch and the Biliary Surgery Expert Working Group of the Surgeons Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and was first published in the Chinese Journal of Surgery in April 2024. In this consensus, relevant experts discussed and formulated relevant recommendations on the operation process of laparoscopicradical resection of gallbladder cancer (LRRGC), and elaborated on many issues. We interpreted and discussed the safety and efficacy evaluation of LRRGC, the standardized operating procedures and technical key points in this procedure, as well as the surgical principles for reoperation of delayed diagnosed gallbladder cancer in this consensus so as to enhance readers’ understanding of this consensus. We also hoped that medical centers will make more attempts and research on LRRGC in order to standardize and promote the application of LRRGC.

Citation： ZENG Qihui, LI Fuyu. Interpretation of “Expert consensus on the laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer (2023)”. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2025, 32(1): 46-49. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202410046 Copy

1.	Steinert R, Nestler G, Sagynaliev E, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2006, 93(8): 682-689.
2.	Varshney S, Butturini G, Gupta R. Incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2002, 28(1): 4-10.
3.	Roa JC, García P, Kapoor VK, et al. Gallbladder cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2022, 8(1): 69. doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00398-y.
4.	中华医学会外科学分会胆道外科学组,中国医师协会外科医师分会胆道外科专家工作组. 腹腔镜胆囊癌根治性切除专家共识(2023). 中华外科杂志,2024,62(4): 265-272.
5.	Reber PU, Baer HU, Patel AG, et al. Port site metastases following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for unsuspected carcinoma of the gallbladder. Z Gastroenterol, 1998, 36(10): 901-907.
6.	Han HS, Yoon YS, Agarwal AK, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer: An expert consensus statement. Dig Surg, 2019, 36(1): 1-6.
7.	Ouchi K, Mikuni J, Kakugawa Y, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma: results of a Japanese survey of 498 patients. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2002, 9(2): 256-260.
8.	Ahmed SH, Usmani SUR, Mushtaq R, et al. Role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of gallbladder cancer: Systematic review & meta-analysis. Am J Surg, 2023, 225(6): 975-987.
9.	Nakanishi H, Miangul S, Oluwaremi TT, et al. Open versus laparoscopic surgery in the management of patients with gallbladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Surg, 2022, 224(1 Pt B): 348-357.
10.	Zhao X, Li XY, Ji W. Laparoscopic versus open treatment of gallbladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Minim Access Surg, 2018, 14(3): 185-191.
11.	AlMasri S, Nassour I, Tohme S, et al. Long-term survival following minimally invasive extended cholecystectomy for gallbladder cancer: A 7-year experience from the National Cancer Database. J Surg Oncol, 2020, 122(4): 707-715.
12.	Lee H, Choi DW, Park JY, et al. Surgical strategy for T2 gallbladder cancer according to tumor location. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(8): 2779-2786.
13.	Abramson MA, Pandharipande P, Ruan D, et al. Radical resection for T1b gallbladder cancer: a decision analysis. HPB (Oxford), 2009, 11(8): 656-663.
14.	Wakai T, Shirai Y, Yokoyama N, et al. Early gallbladder carcinoma does not warrant radical resection. Br J Surg, 2001, 88(5): 675-678.
15.	中华医学会外科学分会胆道外科学组, 中国医师协会外科医师分会胆道外科专业委员会. 胆囊癌诊断和治疗指南(2019版). 中华外科杂志, 2020, 58(4): 243-251.
16.	Aloia TA, Járufe N, Javle M, et al. Gallbladder cancer: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford), 2015, 17(8): 681-690.
17.	Okumura K, Gogna S, Gachabayov M, et al. Gallbladder cancer: Historical treatment and new management options. World J Gastrointest Oncol, 2021, 13(10): 1317-1335.
18.	Shirai Y, Wakai T, Hatakeyama K. Radical lymph node dissection for gallbladder cancer: indications and limitations. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2007, 16(1): 221-232.
19.	Nagakura S, Shirai Y, Yokoyama N, et al. Clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis in gallbladder carcinoma. Surgery, 2001, 129(6): 704-713.
20.	中国研究型医院学会肝胆胰外科专业委员会, 国家卫生健康委员会公益性行业科研专项专家委员会. 肝胆管结石病胆肠吻合术应用专家共识(2019版). 中华消化外科杂志, 2019, 18(5): 414-418.
21.	中国研究型医院学会肝胆胰外科专业委员会. 腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝细胞癌中国专家共识(2020版). 中华消化外科杂志, 2020, 19(11): 1119-1134.
22.	中国医师协会外科医师分会肝脏外科医师委员会. 肝脏外科手术止血中国专家共识(2023版). 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2023, 17(2): 81-92.
23.	中华医学会外科学分会. 胆道手术缝合技术与缝合材料选择中国专家共识(2018版). 中国实用外科杂志, 2019, 39(1): 15-20.
24.	Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Vigano L, et al. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma: implications for re-resection. J Gastrointest Surg, 2007, 11(11): 1478-1487.Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Vigano L, et al. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma: implications for re-resection. J Gastrointest Surg, 2007, 11(11): 1478-1487.
25.	Isambert M, Leux C, Métairie S, et al. Incidentally-discovered gallbladder cancer: When, why and which reoperation?. J Visc Surg, 2011, 148(2): e77-e84. doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2011.02.005.
26.	Gani F, Buettner S, Margonis GA, et al. Assessing the impact of common bile duct resection in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2016, 114(2): 176-180.
27.	Berger-Richardson D, Chesney TR, Englesakis M, et al. Trends in port-site metastasis after laparoscopic resection of incidental gallbladder cancer: A systematic review. Surgery, 2017, 161(3): 618-627.
28.	Søreide K, Guest RV, Harrison EM, et al. Systematic review of management of incidental gallbladder cancer after cholecystectomy. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(1): 32-45.

1. Steinert R, Nestler G, Sagynaliev E, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2006, 93(8): 682-689.
2. Varshney S, Butturini G, Gupta R. Incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2002, 28(1): 4-10.
3. Roa JC, García P, Kapoor VK, et al. Gallbladder cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2022, 8(1): 69. doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00398-y.
4. 中华医学会外科学分会胆道外科学组,中国医师协会外科医师分会胆道外科专家工作组. 腹腔镜胆囊癌根治性切除专家共识(2023). 中华外科杂志,2024,62(4): 265-272.
5. Reber PU, Baer HU, Patel AG, et al. Port site metastases following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for unsuspected carcinoma of the gallbladder. Z Gastroenterol, 1998, 36(10): 901-907.
6. Han HS, Yoon YS, Agarwal AK, et al. Laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer: An expert consensus statement. Dig Surg, 2019, 36(1): 1-6.
7. Ouchi K, Mikuni J, Kakugawa Y, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma: results of a Japanese survey of 498 patients. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2002, 9(2): 256-260.
8. Ahmed SH, Usmani SUR, Mushtaq R, et al. Role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of gallbladder cancer: Systematic review & meta-analysis. Am J Surg, 2023, 225(6): 975-987.
9. Nakanishi H, Miangul S, Oluwaremi TT, et al. Open versus laparoscopic surgery in the management of patients with gallbladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Surg, 2022, 224(1 Pt B): 348-357.
10. Zhao X, Li XY, Ji W. Laparoscopic versus open treatment of gallbladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Minim Access Surg, 2018, 14(3): 185-191.
11. AlMasri S, Nassour I, Tohme S, et al. Long-term survival following minimally invasive extended cholecystectomy for gallbladder cancer: A 7-year experience from the National Cancer Database. J Surg Oncol, 2020, 122(4): 707-715.
12. Lee H, Choi DW, Park JY, et al. Surgical strategy for T2 gallbladder cancer according to tumor location. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(8): 2779-2786.
13. Abramson MA, Pandharipande P, Ruan D, et al. Radical resection for T1b gallbladder cancer: a decision analysis. HPB (Oxford), 2009, 11(8): 656-663.
14. Wakai T, Shirai Y, Yokoyama N, et al. Early gallbladder carcinoma does not warrant radical resection. Br J Surg, 2001, 88(5): 675-678.
15. 中华医学会外科学分会胆道外科学组, 中国医师协会外科医师分会胆道外科专业委员会. 胆囊癌诊断和治疗指南(2019版). 中华外科杂志, 2020, 58(4): 243-251.
16. Aloia TA, Járufe N, Javle M, et al. Gallbladder cancer: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford), 2015, 17(8): 681-690.
17. Okumura K, Gogna S, Gachabayov M, et al. Gallbladder cancer: Historical treatment and new management options. World J Gastrointest Oncol, 2021, 13(10): 1317-1335.
18. Shirai Y, Wakai T, Hatakeyama K. Radical lymph node dissection for gallbladder cancer: indications and limitations. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2007, 16(1): 221-232.
19. Nagakura S, Shirai Y, Yokoyama N, et al. Clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis in gallbladder carcinoma. Surgery, 2001, 129(6): 704-713.
20. 中国研究型医院学会肝胆胰外科专业委员会, 国家卫生健康委员会公益性行业科研专项专家委员会. 肝胆管结石病胆肠吻合术应用专家共识(2019版). 中华消化外科杂志, 2019, 18(5): 414-418.
21. 中国研究型医院学会肝胆胰外科专业委员会. 腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝细胞癌中国专家共识(2020版). 中华消化外科杂志, 2020, 19(11): 1119-1134.
22. 中国医师协会外科医师分会肝脏外科医师委员会. 肝脏外科手术止血中国专家共识(2023版). 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2023, 17(2): 81-92.
23. 中华医学会外科学分会. 胆道手术缝合技术与缝合材料选择中国专家共识(2018版). 中国实用外科杂志, 2019, 39(1): 15-20.
24. Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Vigano L, et al. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma: implications for re-resection. J Gastrointest Surg, 2007, 11(11): 1478-1487.Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Vigano L, et al. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma: implications for re-resection. J Gastrointest Surg, 2007, 11(11): 1478-1487.
25. Isambert M, Leux C, Métairie S, et al. Incidentally-discovered gallbladder cancer: When, why and which reoperation?. J Visc Surg, 2011, 148(2): e77-e84. doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2011.02.005.
26. Gani F, Buettner S, Margonis GA, et al. Assessing the impact of common bile duct resection in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2016, 114(2): 176-180.
27. Berger-Richardson D, Chesney TR, Englesakis M, et al. Trends in port-site metastasis after laparoscopic resection of incidental gallbladder cancer: A systematic review. Surgery, 2017, 161(3): 618-627.
28. Søreide K, Guest RV, Harrison EM, et al. Systematic review of management of incidental gallbladder cancer after cholecystectomy. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(1): 32-45.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Interpretation of “Expert consensus on the laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer (2023)”

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