临床营养支持自1968年Dudrick与Wilmore创用静脉营养(intravenous hyperalimentation)后，解决了肠道功能发生障碍时无适合途径供给营养的难题，带动了营养支持的发展。 在其后40年营养供给的方法、制剂与基础理论都在不断地改进，对临床疾病的代谢改变也都有深入的研究，使临床营养支持的理论、策略都有很大进步， 也取得了很多共识，制定了很多指南。有各国、各地、各个系统，各个疾病都有指南与共识的制定，并且随着理论与技术的发展，对营养支持的作用、输注的方法有深入的认识，各种指南、共识也都在不断地更新、修正……
Citation：
黎介寿. Changes of Strategy for Clinical Nutritional Support. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2009, 16(12): 953-955. doi:
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Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, et al. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature [Ｊ]. Nutrition, 2004; 20(10): 843-848.
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黎介寿. 胃肠道外瘘（113例的治疗体会） [Ｊ]. 中华外科杂志， 1978； （4）： 214-218.
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Dvir D, Cohen J, Singer P. Computerized energy balance and complications in critically ill patients: an observational study [Ｊ]. Clin Nutr, 2006; 25(1): 37-44.
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| 7. |
Heidegger CP, Romand JA, Treggiari MM, et al. Is it now time to promote mixed enteral and parenteral nutrition for the critically ill patient? [Ｊ]. Intensive Care Med, 2007; 33(6): 963-969.
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- 1. Jones NE, Heyland DK. Implementing nutrition guidelines in the critical care setting: a worthwhile and achievable goal? [Ｊ]. JAMA， 2008; 300(23): 2798-2799.
- 2. Martindale RG, McClave SA, Vanek VW， et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Executive Summary[Ｊ]. Crit Care Med, 2009; 37(5): 1757-1761.
- 3. Berger MM, Chioléro RL, Pannatier A, et al. A 10-year sur-vey of nutritional support in a surgical ICU: 1986-1995 [Ｊ]. Nutrition, 1997; 13(10): 870-877.
- 4. Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, et al. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature [Ｊ]. Nutrition, 2004; 20(10): 843-848.
- 5. 黎介寿. 胃肠道外瘘（113例的治疗体会） [Ｊ]. 中华外科杂志， 1978； （4）： 214-218.
- 6. Dvir D, Cohen J, Singer P. Computerized energy balance and complications in critically ill patients: an observational study [Ｊ]. Clin Nutr, 2006; 25(1): 37-44.
- 7. Heidegger CP, Romand JA, Treggiari MM, et al. Is it now time to promote mixed enteral and parenteral nutrition for the critically ill patient? [Ｊ]. Intensive Care Med, 2007; 33(6): 963-969.
