Idiopathic cranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder that causes an unexplained increase in intracranial pressure. Its symptoms are chronic headache and visual impairment with typical unilateral or bilateral disk edema. The diagnostic procedure is mainly based on the exclusion of diagnostic thinking, which requires the imaging examination of the whole body and nervous system. Current treatment strategies for IIH include a combination of weight loss, medication, and surgery to reduce intracranial pressure and relieve associated symptoms, maximize visual function preservation, and improve prognosis. In the future, it is necessary to further improve the diagnostic process and criteria of IIH, guide personalized treatment and prognosis judgment, and effectively use artificial intelligence segmentation and combined imaging omics technology to improve the intelligent diagnosis rate of the disease.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by an unexplained increase in intracranial pressure that primarily affects obese women of childbearing age, but individuals of any age, gender, or weight may also be affected. Its signature symptoms include disc edema, headache, visual disturbance, and throbbing tinnitus. Due to potentially serious complications, such as vision loss, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment management are critical to improving patients' quality of life. Ophthalmologists play a key role in the treatment process, as about half of patients first visit the eye department. Diagnosis of IIH depends not only on clinical presentation, but also on the exclusion of other diseases that may cause similar symptoms, and imaging and other tests to ensure an accurate diagnosis. In order to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency, multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment mode is advocated, especially in the face of patients with complex trauma or systemic diseases, which can effectively shorten the treatment time and ensure patient safety. Future research directions include establishing China's IIH epidemiological database, exploring clinical diagnosis and treatment methods and basic scientific research, aiming at forming diagnosis and treatment standards suitable for China's national conditions, improving medical level and improving patient prognosis. At the same time, a deeper understanding of the different forms of IIH will better serve the affected populations.