ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress on the role of exosomes derived from different sources in hepatic stellate cells.MethodThe experimental studies and clinical applications of exosomes from different cell sources effected on hepatic stellate cells were reviewed.ResultsIn the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis pathological physiological process, the activation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells played the important roles on the development of liver fibrosis. In recent years, the study found that the exosomes derived from different sources contained active protein, mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and lipid components involved in the biological function of hepatic stellate cells, realized the communication between cells, which played the important regulatory role in the formation of liver fibrosis.ConclusionsExosomes derived from different sources and their contents play an important regulatory role in occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. In the future, exosomes might become a new non-invasive diagnostic method for liver fibrosis to help its early diagnosis, and might also be used as a biological active carrier to achieve its targeted therapy for targeted tissues and cells.
ObjectiveTo understand the current research progress on the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in liver diseases. MethodThe relevant literature on the role of H2S in the liver diseases published in recent years was retrieved and reviewed. ResultsCurrent research focused primarily on exploring the mechanisms of H2S in various liver diseases. Studies had shown that H₂S played an important role in the occurrence and development of liver diseases through mechanisms such as antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, angiogenesis, and cell death. ConclusionsBy supplementing exogenous H2S, adjusting the gut microbiota, or inhibiting key enzymes involved in H₂S synthesis, the concentration of H2S in the body can be modulated, providing new strategies for treating liver diseases. However, the related mechanisms are still controversial. Future research should further investigate the specific role of H2S in different liver diseases and how to precisely control its level in the body to achieve targeted drug delivery.
