ObjectiveTo explore gut microbiome influences on anastomotic healing following gastrointestinal surgery and its mechanism.MethodThe relevant literatures about gut microbiome and its impact on healing of gastrointestinal anastomosis and their mechanisms were reviewed.ResultsSeveral symbiotic intestinal microbiota such as the Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, etc. could transform into the pathogenic bacteria with high toxic phenotype in an inflammatory environment in the body, and dissolve the extracellular matrix by degrading collagen or activating matrix metalloproteinase 9, resulting in the anastomotic leak.ConclusionIn general, exploring of effect of intestinal microbiome on healing process of anastomotic stoma is just beginning, conditions and mechanisms for transformation of bacteria from symbiotic to pathogenic still need to be explored.
End-stage renal disease is a late complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and one of the leading causes of high mortality worldwide. Over the years, the impacts of gut microbiota and their associated uremic toxins on kidney diseases through the intricate “gut-kidney axis” have been extensively studied. However, translation of microbiome-related omics results into specific mechanisms is still a significant challenge. In this paper, we review the interaction between gut microbiome and blood purification, as well as the current microbiota-based therapies in CKD. Additionally, the current sequencing technologies and progresses in the gut microbiome research are also discussed.
[Abstract]The pathogenesis of aortic disease is not fully understood. Gut dysbiosis may play a role in the occurrence and development of aortic diseases. Several studies showed that the diversity of microbiota in abdominal aortic aneurysms significantly decreases and is correlated with the diameter of the aneurysm. Characteristic microbial communities associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm, such as Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia have been found in human and animal studies. The gut microbiota of patients with aortic dissection varies greatly. Characteristic microbial communities like Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus present a potential impact on the pathogenesis of aortic dissection. Bifidobacterium may be associated with Takayasu arteritis and thoracic aortic aneurysm. The gut microbiota affects the physiological functions of the host by synthesizing bioactive metabolites, which causes aortic diseases, mainly involving metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), tryptophan, and short chain fatty acids. More and more evidence supports the causal relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and aortic disease. Clarifying abnormal changes in gut microbiota may provide clues for finding potential therapeutic targets.